ACER, in collaboration with PwC consultants, publishes its second report on unit investment costs indicators. In addition, ACER publishes an energy infrastructure unit investment cost calculator, in Excel format, to facilitate future estimations of unit investment costs.

The 2023 report presents:

• the analytical methodology employed;
• the consultation process with stakeholders;
• the statistics for the collected data;
• reference unit investment costs values for most common energy infrastructure;
• projected reference cost values for different emerging energy infrastructure assets such as  large-scale electrolysers, electric batteries, hydrogen pipelines, and carbon dioxide pipelines; and
• a comparison with 2015 unit investment costs figures.

What are the key findings?

ACER collected information on costs and technical details from recently commissioned energy infrastructure projects.  

ACER finds an increase in unit investment costs for most existing energy infrastructure assets when compared to the results from the 2015 UIC report. This edition of the report also provides predicted unit costs for emerging infrastructure categories’ costs like electrolysers, batteries, hydrogen and CO2 pipelines.

What are the next steps?

To present the outcome of the report, ACER will organise a workshop on 20 July 2023.

Access the 2023 UIC Report.

Access the Unit investment costs indicators for energy infrastructure categories.

Access the excel calculator.

Read more on UIC.

The Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority (MEKH) issued a decision on 2 June 2023, wherein it found that Prvo Plinarsko Društvo d.o.o. (PPD) has engaged in market manipulation on the natural gas market during one of the rolling monthly capacity auctions, breaching Article 5 of the EU Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT). MEKH has fined PPD HUF 500,000,000 (approximately EUR 1.4 million).

MEKH's investigation revealed that PPD, in an “ascending clock auction”, manipulated the natural gas market during the rolling monthly capacity auction, held from 17 to 26 January 2022 on the capacity product for the Austria to Hungary interconnection point for February 2022.

According to MEKH’s decision, PPD’s bidding behaviour was manipulative by maintaining its bids for almost the whole amount of the offered capacity for thirty-six bidding rounds of the auction and then leaving the auction without capacity booking, raising the clearing price for the other market participants in the auction up to four and a half times of the reserve price. PPD’s bidding behaviour gave misleading signals to the market as to the demand of the wholesale energy product in question and secured the price of the implicated wholesale energy product at an artificial level.

On 5 July 2023, PPD submitted a claim for administrative action against the decision of MEKH. The judicial review will be carried out by the administrative court.

ACER welcomes MEKH initiative to pursue this wholesale energy market manipulation behaviour.

Access the full text of MEKH’s decision and MEKH’s press release (in HU).

See the latest table of REMIT breach sanction decisions adopted by national regulatory authorities. 

This latest fine (approx. EUR 1.4 million) is the biggest imposed by MEKH to date.

Check the ACER’s Guidance on REMIT (6th edition) for more information on the types of trading practices which could constitute market manipulation under REMIT.

Additional material on enforcement decisions under REMIT is accessible in the REMIT Quarterly reports that ACER publishes each quarter.

ACER publishes today its Consolidated Annual Activity Report (CAAR) for 2022. It describes the regulatory activities performed by the Agency related to:

• Electricity and gas markets;
• Regulation on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency (REMIT).

The CAAR also assesses the extent to which the Agency achieved its objectives outlined in its Work Programme of 2022, and describes the administrative aspects related to the management and governance of the Agency.

The document was adopted on 21 June 2023 by ACER's Administrative Board, following the favourable opinion of the ACER's Board of Regulators.

Access the Consolidated Annual Activity Report 2022. 

Access previous editions.

Seasonal outlooks of the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) provide observations and foresight for challenges associated with the security of electricity supply for winter and summer. They help Member States and transmission system operators to make informed decisions related to future risks of power shortages.

The importance of these European wide seasonal assessments is heightened in the context of gas supply uncertainties, changing weather patterns and generation outages.

Highlights of ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook (2023)

ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook 2023 identified no electricity security of supply concerns for EU consumers. Nevertheless, close monitoring is suggested for Cyprus, Crete, Malta and Ireland.

Adequacy risks flagged for island Member States (and Crete) show the importance of interconnections in ensuring security of supply. With limited interconnections, the islands cannot benefit from the resilience the meshed network of the continental Europe offers, which allows for enhanced sharing of resources.

Source: ACER based on Summer Outlook 2023 - Figure 13: Adequacy risk overview - considering non-market resources

ENTSO-E’s report also points to comfortable gas storage levels by the end of summer and highlights the need to resort to any gas withdrawals with prudence over the summer period.

What does ACER say about ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook?

• ACER appreciates ENTSO-E’s commitment to adapting its seasonal outlooks to the prevailing circumstances, such as developments in the gas system situation.
• ACER also stresses the importance of considering interconnection capacity when assessing the adequacy of electricity supply.
• ACER highlights, as in its past opinions, that ENTSO-E’s Summer Outlook assessment lacks flow-based modelling to optimise cross-zonal exchanges in line with the current market design.

For the next seasonal assessment (the Winter Outlook), ACER suggests that ENTSO-E addresses the following considerations to support management of security of electricity supply over the coming winter:

• Analyse the consequences of alternative scenarios including sensitivity to factors such as the impact of low precipitation (prolonged droughts) over the year.
• Assess the potential rebound of demand in case energy-saving measures introduced last year (2022) are not in effect and demand side response to prices is less pronounced.

ACER monitors and reports annually on the EU (internal) markets of electricity and natural gas (in our so-called Market Monitoring Reports (MMR)).

In 2023, ACER publishes a series of overviews of gas markets and the progress towards an internal EU gas market. Today’s Key developments publication provides an initial assessment of key developments in European wholesale gas markets over the recent months. The analysis will be further elaborated in our September’s MMR on European gas market trends and price drivers.  

What are the key findings?

Among the main trends identified in 2022 and the first half of 2023:

• The extreme wholesale gas price rises during 2022 can be primarily attributed to the Russian supply shock. However, it was the resilient demand for gas, driven upwards by above-average storage injections, that caused prices to clear at record-high levels;
• Since the end of 2022, the demand-supply balance in the gas market has improved due to a combination of rising liquified natural gas (LNG) imports and a decrease in demand, effectively compensating for the loss in Russian pipeline flows;
• This improved balance has resulted in a reduction in gas prices, which are now approaching pre-crisis levels. However, supply is overall still tight exposing prices to unexpected developments. China’s LNG demand remains an important factor for EU gas prices going forward;
• The significant price spreads between Northwest European (NWE) and South European hubs during the summer of 2022, caused by limited access to NWE, have returned to normal levels, due to increased LNG import capacity;
• Gas trading activity has increased in recent weeks due to more favourable prices and reduced margin requirements.

What are the next steps?

• September: European gas market trends and price drivers (analysing the drivers behind record-high gas prices in spring and summer 2022);
• November: 2023 Synthesis and Recommendations for gas; and
• December: Analysis of LNG market developments.

Access the Key developments in EU gas wholesale markets – 2023 Market Monitoring Report.

Dive into our interactive dashboard and explore the evolution of price and demand supply metrics for the period 2015 to 2023.